Matter Fundamentals

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Lesson 1 – Matter introduction
5 Topics | 1 Quiz
What is Matter?
Matter architecture
Transport layers in Matter
Matter security model
Exercise 1 – Testing a Matter application
Lesson 1 quiz
Lesson 2 – Developing with Matter
5 Topics | 1 Quiz
Matter integration in nRF Connect SDK
Matter API
Matter samples and applications
Thread networking
Exercise 1 – Running and controlling a Matter device
Lesson 2 quiz
Lesson 3 – Matter endpoints, clusters and attributes
6 Topics | 1 Quiz
Matter device types
Matter clusters and their content
Controlling clusters in a Matter application
Exercise 1 – Supporting a Matter device type in your application
Exercise 2 – Creating a proprietary cluster
Exercise 3 – Extending clusters with custom functionality
Lesson 3 quiz
Lesson 4 – Power optimization in Matter
4 Topics | 1 Quiz
Reducing power consumption in Matter
Intermittently Connected Devices (ICD)
Online Power Profiler for Matter over Thread
Exercise 1 – Enabling Matter ICD and measuring its power consumption
Lesson 4 quiz
Lesson 5 – Matter Over-The-Air
4 Topics | 1 Quiz
Matter Over-The-Air software update
Device Firmware Upgrade over Bluetooth LE
Exercise 1 – Upgrading firmware using Matter OTA
Exercise 2 – Upgrading firmware using Bluetooth LE
Lesson 5 quiz
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Matter Over-The-Air software update

The Matter Over-The-Air (OTA) is a process that allows a Matter device in a Matter fabric to update its firmware. The Matter specification requires that each device implements a method for firmware update for security reasons. Matter specifies an own convenient mechanism for updating firmware, but supporting is optional and device may use some other method including custom solutions. Custom solutions can be used instead of the Matter OTA, or alongside of it.

Roles in OTA process

The following roles participate in the Matter OTA process:

OTA Requestor

Any Matter device that is going to have its firmware updated. This role corresponds to the OTA Requestor device type which implements the client role for the OTA Software Update Provider cluster and the server role for the OTA Software Update Requestor cluster.

The OTA Requestor is typically implemented on Matter accessories, such as embedded devices due to constrained resources.

OTA Provider

The device that provides the image for the OTA update. This role corresponds to the OTA Provider device type, which implements the server role for the OTA Software Update Provider cluster, and optionally the client role for the OTA Software Update Requestor cluster.

Any device on the fabric can assume this role, as long as it has access to the Internet or to the database with links to software images. Typically these are devices with greater resources, like smart home hubs from ecosystem providers.

Image Server

This is usually a server set up by the vendor who creates the software image. Information about the software image URI is then typically provided in the Matter Distributed Compliance Ledger (DCL). DCL is a cryptographically secure database that is open to all contributors to the Matter project. It acts as the source of truth for information about the compliance status of vendors and their device models, as well as for providing vendor device metadata to verified CSA members.

User

Provides approvals for the OTA process. Some OTA Requestors can directly ask the user for approval for applying an OTA update, for example using GUI or a network hub. If asking directly is not possible, the approval request can be delegated to OTA Providers.

The following picture presents the relationship between the parties in the OTA process:

Parties to the Matter OTA process

Bulk Data Exchange Protocol

For transferring the software image, Matter uses its own internal Bulk Data Exchange (BDX) protocol. Its main purpose is to facilitate exchanging data between Matter nodes.

The protocol is based on Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). BDX does not require transferred file to have any specific format, but it allows to attach arbitrary metadata to the file. When used for OTA transfers, OTA Provider sends the URI to OTA Requestor using the bdx://<node-id>/<file-name> format where <node-id> corresponds to the Node ID of the OTA Requestor that is to receive the image, and <file-name> is an arbitrary file path that uniquely identifies the software image file on the node.

Matter OTA process

To make the Matter OTA process possible, the OTA Requestor and OTA Provider must be members of the same fabric. The OTA Requestor must also be aware of the presencen of the OTA Provider, and gets the information about available OTA Providers using discovery mechanisms. The discovery process is done using DNS, as the OTA Providers expose specified DNS service.

After OTA Provider selection, the OTA Requestor queries for a software image and depending on the the availability the OTA Provider sends it immediately, or informs about delaying the operation to download the image from the Internet in the background.

The following chart shows a simplified overview of the Matter OTA process:

Support for Matter OTA in nRF Connect SDK

When building a Matter application in nRF Connect SDK, the Matter OTA image is one of the build output files. The default location of the software image is matter.ota in the build directory. The Payload field of the software image includes dfu_multi_image.bin file, which is another output file of the build process.

The dfu_multi_image.bin file is an archive file that includes a manifest in CBOR (Concise Binary Object Representation) format and a collection of user-selected update components. The CBOR manifest contains identifiers and sizes of the included update components to allow a user to successfully unpack the archive. The default update components are firmware images for all MCU cores.

During the Matter OTA firmware update process, the downloaded Matter OTA image is saved to external or internal Non Volatile Memory (NVM) using the DFU multi-image and DFU target libraries. The DFU multi-image library uses zcbor for parsing the CBOR header. Applying the software image requires rebooting the MCUboot bootloader which installs the new firmware.

OTA Provider tool

The OTA Provider role is usually implemented in the smart hub devices or mobile applications, and it is supported by some commercial ecosystems. However for development purposes it is usually more convenient to use development tools.

The Matter project provides a development tool for running the OTA Provider role that can be built and run on a PC with Linux, similarly to CHIP Tool.

You can either build the OTA Provider manually from the source files or download prebuilt tool package from the Matter nRF Connect releases that was prepared by Nordic’s developers for you. To save time it is recommended to get prebuilt binary file.

Make sure that the package is compatible with your nRF Connect SDK version, by using artifacts from the GitHub tag corresponding to your version.

You will learn how to download and set up the OTA Provider tool in the exercise section of this lesson.

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      Change summary

      What's new in the latest version

      Matter

      Matter

      •Matter over Thread support for nRF54LM20A and nRF54LM20B SoCs.
      •Matter over Wi-Fi® support for nRF54LM20A combined with the nRF7002-EB II shield.
      •Released the Matter Cluster Editor app v1.0.1 and Matter Quick Start app v1.1.0.
      MCUboot & Partition Manager

      MCUboot & Partition Manager

      •Single-Slot DFU and RAM Load mode are both promoted to fully supported
      •Partition Manager is officially deprecated in favor of Zephyr's devicetree-based partitioning.